MAKALAH MILY WAY GALAXY

MAKALAH

Milky Way Galaxy

Compiled by :

1.      Nur Hidayah

2.      Ratu Apriliyani

3.      Roisah

4.      Umi Hani

5.      Widiya Pertiwi

6.      Aas Wati

Class : XII IPS 1

MAN 3 KOTA CIREBON
PREFACE

Assalamualaikum. wr.wb.

Thank God we pray to the presence of God Almighty who has bestowed grace and gifts, so that we can complete the task Elementary Natural Science paper on "Theory of formation of galaxies, the solar system". This paper was made on the basis of fulfilling the task Class in English.

Thanks also to my friends who have been offered an opportunity for authors to present the results of this paper.

            Hopefully this paper can provide the motivation for the reading. We know that in this world nothing is perfect as the proverb says "no ivory that is not cracked, no river that never boils". If indeed there are many errors in the writing of this paper, we are expecting criticism and suggestions from readers.

Wassalamu'alaikum. wr.wb

Cirebon, 01 Sep 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE............................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................... ii

PART I          INTRODUCTION

1.1    Background................................................................ 1

1.2    Problem Formulation.................................................. 1

1.3    Objectives................................................................... 1

PART II         DISCUSSION

2.1  The theory of galaxy formation and the Solar

System........................................................................ 2

2.1.1        Galaxies........................................................ 2

2.1.2        Various Kinds of Galaxies........................... 3

2.1.3        Solar System................................................. 4

2.1.4        Various theories of the solar system............. 5

PART III       CLOSING

3.1  Conclusion.................................................................. 8

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................................................................... 9

APPENDIX

PART I

PRELIMINARY

1.1      Background

In everyday life we ​​always look at celestial bodies like the sun, moon, stars, or otherwise directly related to what is in the universe. Satellite is one of the celestial bodies, so even with the planets in the sky so vast that there are so many objects that fill the sky so beautiful this universe.

In elementary school we've learned about celestial objects, including celestial objects: galaxies and solar system. In Junior High School was we never learn, even Samai at the high school level we are still learning.

In the course Natural Science Basis back we will discuss about matters related to this Universe. In this paper the author will discuss the theory of galaxy formation and the Solar System. The galaxy is a galaxy is a system that is bound by gravity consisting of stars (with all its manifestations, such as neutron stars and black holes), gas and cosmic dust interstellar medium, and the possibility of a hypothetical substance known as dark matter. And the solar system is a small part of the galaxy. To more clearly it will be the writer explained in the discussion pages.

1.2      Problem Formulation

1.      What is a galaxy and the solar system?

2.      Mention the distribution of all kinds of galaxies?

3.      Identify and explain the theories supporting the formation of galaxies and solar system?

1.3      Objectives

After studying the material in this paper, specifically the reader is expected to:

1.      Explaining about the galaxy and solar system

2.      Explain the theories supporting the formation of galaxies and solar system

PART II

DISCUSSION

2.1    The theory of galaxy formation and the Solar System

2.1.1        Galaxies

The galaxy is a system that is bound by gravity consisting of stars (with all its manifestations, such as neutron stars and black holes), gas and cosmic dust interstellar medium, and the possibility of a hypothetical substance known as dark matter.

We often hear galaxy is the Milky Way or the milky way. If we look a little strange name of the milky way because of outer space objects likened to milk. However, there is the uniqueness of these peculiarities, the stars scattered in the sky at night as milk scattered in the sky. Our galaxy is a spiral, can we equate with insect repellent circle when viewed from above and like a top when viewed from the side. Our galaxy is not circular but elliptical spherical. This is evidenced by the size of which has a length of about 100 light-years away and lebar10 light years of our Solar System and is 30 light years from the galactic center.

In addition to our Milky Way galaxy can also see several galaxies with the naked eye or with a tool. Revealed by scientists that the Andromeda galaxy, Cloud Megallianic Large and Small Megallanic Cloud. Andromeda galaxy is greater than the Milky way.

There is one hypothesis (provisional estimates which must be verified so that it becomes a theory), that hypothesis Fowler (1957), according to 12 thousand years ago, our galaxy not like a situation like this, he is still a fog of hydrogen gas enormous located in space angkasayang moving slowly rotate so the whole round, because gravity he kept the contraction and condensation while continuing to spin on its axis. When the outer mass contraction much left. Part of that range (turning) is slow and has a large specific gravity to form stars. In the same way the outside of the left also held condensation forming planets. Likewise planet satellite moon shape. Galaxy, where the sun we berinduk named MILKY WAY or the Milky Way.

2.1.2        Various Kinds of Galaxies

From the results of further observations, it appeared in the universe there are thousands of galaxies of various shapes and sizes namely:

a.       Elliptical galaxies

Elliptical galaxies are already old galaxies, formed from stars that are old, much fainter than the spiral type with lots of big red star, pambentukan new star had stopped.

b.      Spiral Galaxies

Spiral-shaped spiral galaxy is very large with a nucleus in the center (nucleus) and the spiral arms and the disc (disk). This sleeve concentrated on dust and gas (nebulae) where there is active star formation, when viewed from the side, it looks like an elliptical galaxy sleeved and surrounded by a luminous atmosphere, and there are circles collection of thousands of stars called Globular Cluster. The number of galaxies is approximately 80% of the galaxies. One example of a spiral galaxy is a galaxy Canes Venatici.

c.       Galaxies Irregular

Irregular galaxies composed of billions of bluish-white young stars and blue giant stars are very hot. Among the stars are scattered gas and space dust. The number of irregular-shaped galaxy is 3%.

d.      Milkyway Galaxy

Our sun is the parent of the Milky Way galaxy or Milky Way, because it is based on observation, the Milky Way when viewed from above tangible like a giant rotating spiral. From the side it looks like a very large ellipse. The stars scattered in the spiral arms, including our sun. The distance is 30,000 light-years from the galactic center or 20,000 light years from the tip or the edge of the galaxy. Milky Way galaxy 100,000 light years in diameter. Getting to the middle, getting closer and swirling star galaxy is estimated to center the ball giant star so that this galaxy is shaped like a flat round cake bowsprit.

2.1.3        Solar System

Solar System consists of the sun, eight planets and other celestial bodies such as satellites, comets, and asteroids. Solar System is no more just a small cluster of celestial objects and one star. Solar System is a small part of the galaxy.

We are familiar with the eight planets, eight planets are divided into two parts, namely the inner planets and outer planets. Planet in is the planet closest to the sun that is made up of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Meanwhile, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, including the outer planets. Consists of objects such as meteors, planets, satellites, comets, interplanetary dust and gas that is circulating around the sun as its center. Many theories have been advanced about the formation of the solar system but of several theories is no single accepted by all parties, these theories are: Hypothesis Nebuler, hypothesis planettesimal, Theory Tidal or theory of the tides, Theory Star Twins, Theory creatio Continua, Theory and a cloud of dust.

2.1.4        Various theories of the solar system

a.      Nebular Hypothesis

Expressed by Kant and Laplace (1796) who believed the formation of the solar system is the condensation of hot clouds or fog that is very hot gas, which is partially separated and is cicin that surrounds the center. Its center was becoming a star or sun. The part that surrounds the center condenses to form a formula similar to the formation of the sun was, after cooling, these objects will be planets like Earth with objects that surround it.

b.      Hypothesis planettesimal

Proposed by Chamberlain and Moulton. This hypothesis starts from the same thinking with the theory Nebular stating that the solar system formed from a cloud of gas which is very large, condense, the difference is situated on the assumption that the formation of the planets it does not have to be from the body, but assumed the big star other who happened to be passing close to the star, which is part of our solar system. Gas mist from another star was partly influenced by the attractiveness of our sun and after it cools formed objects called Planettesemal. Planettesemal the small objects are solid. This theory is an answer to the question why there are satellites in orbit Jupiter and Saturn which is opposite the planet's rotation.

c.       Theory or the theory of the tides

Proposed by James and Harold Jeffreys (1919). According pecikan planet is from the sun, called Tidal. Tidal great will be the new planet caused by the approach of two sun moves, it rarely happens. As in the above theory that the two stars closer together will form a new planet.

This theory explains why the planets in the middle like Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are giant planets, while at the edges a little planets. The birth of the ninth planet because of the gas fraction cigar-shaped sun was the size of the planets vary nearest and farthest great but that amid greater.

d.      Twin Star Theory

Found once the sun is a pair of twins. By some reason one of the stars exploded as a result of the gravitational pull, the star of which is now the sun, the pieces continue to circulate around it.

e.       Creatio theory Continua

Stated Fred Hoyle, Bondi and Gold. Found when the universe was created there, the universe exists and forever remain there after it was created. Every time there is a particle that is born and is swept away, which then condenses into fog, the stars and the bodies of the universe, because the particles are larger than the particles disappear, then the amount of material and the resulting growing expansion of the universe. Penegmbangan reaches the point limit of 10 billion years, within this period will generate new fogs. The theory holds that 90% of the material universe is hedrogen which eventually form helium and other substances.

f.       Dust Cloud theory

Proposed by Carl von Weizsaeker (1940) later refined by P Gerard Kuiper (1950). The solar system formed from a cloud of gas and dust. Clouds that undergo compression, the compression process the dust particles attracted to the center of the cloud, forming clumps and started twisting balls and then form a thick disc in the middle and thin at the edges. The particles in the central part of the disc that press against each other and cause heat and tungsten, is then a part of the sun. While the outer part rotates so quickly that fragmented into smaller blobs, blobs too small twisting and freezes later become planets.

PART III

CLOSING

3.1  Conclusion

The galaxy is a system that is bound by gravity consisting of stars (with all its manifestations, such as neutron stars and black holes), gas and cosmic dust interstellar medium, and the possibility of a hypothetical substance known as dark matter.

1.      Various kinds of galaxies:

From the results of further observations, it appeared in the universe there are thousands of galaxies of various shapes and sizes namely: Elliptical Galaxies, Spiral Galaxies, Irregular galaxy, the Milky Way

Solar System is a small part of the galaxy. Solar system with eight planets we know, of the eight planet is divided into two parts, namely the inner planets and outer planets. Planet in is the planet closest to the sun that is made up of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Meanwhile, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, including the outer planets. Consists of objects such as meteors, planets, satellites, comets, interplanetary dust and gas that is circulating around the sun as its center. Many theories have been advanced about the formation of the solar system but of several theories is no single accepted by all parties, these theories are: Hypothesis Nebuler, hypothesis planettesimal, Theory Tidal or theory of the tides, Theory Star Twins, Theory creatio Continua, Theory and a cloud of dust.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.tugasku4u.com/2013/06/alam-semesta-dan-tata-surya.html

Sukardjo, JS, et al. 2005. Basic Sciences faulty. Surakarta: UNS Press

http: // edukasi.kompasiana.com/2012/01/10/teori-terbentuknya-alam-semesta-tata-surya-dan-bumi/